A simple pill found in most homes – Aspirin - may hold surprising potential beyond pain relief. Emerging research suggests that aspirin could help prevent cancer and slow its spread, sparking global interest in this low-cost drug as a possible tool in cancer care.
While the idea isn’t entirely new, recent studies are offering stronger evidence and clearer explanations of how aspirin might work against cancer.
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Aspirin has been used for centuries, originally derived from willow tree extracts to treat pain and fever. Today, it is widely prescribed across the world to help reduce inflammation and prevent heart attacks by thinning the blood.
But scientists began noticing an intriguing trend: people who took aspirin regularly appeared less likely to develop certain cancers or experience cancer spread. This observation gained momentum after research led by Peter Rothwell, which found lower cancer incidence and reduced metastasis in aspirin users.
Scientists say people who take aspirin regularly appear less likely to develop certain cancers or experience cancer spread
Many studies have strengthened the link between aspirin and cancer prevention. A major trial led by John Burn found that patients with Lynch syndrome - a genetic condition increasing cancer risk - had almost 50 per cent lower risk of colorectal cancer after taking aspirin regularly. A few other studies suggest aspirin may reduce the risk of cancer recurrence after surgery.
Low-dose aspirin, commonly used for heart health, may offer similar benefits with fewer side effects. These findings have already influenced medical guidelines in some countries, especially for high-risk individuals.
Scientists are exploring two main mechanisms behind aspirin’s potential anti-cancer effects:
Aspirin inhibits enzymes involved in inflammation and cell growth. This may help prevent uncontrolled cell division - a hallmark of cancer.
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