Having painfully experienced the vulnerability of fossil fuel dependence through the war in Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East, the world is accelerating the transition to clean energy. Paradoxically, however, in an effort to escape the risks of fossil fuel supply chains, countries are now facing a new risk: dependence on specific nations for energy transition technologies. Korea is highly dependent on China for its energy transition technology supply chains. In the solar power sector, the share of Chinese-made modules rose sharply from 29 percent in 2023 to 58 percent in 2024 and reached 69 percent last year. In just two years, dominance has shifted from domestically produced products to ones from a single foreign country. Furthermore, the share of Korean-made cells — the core components of solar modules — plummeted from 35 percent in 2021 to just 4 percent last year. This is attributed to the fact that more than 80 percent of domestic solar power plants are small-scale facilities under 100 kW, making them price-sensitive for smaller investors. Moreover, the cells produced do