University of Phoenix College of Doctoral Studies has published a new white paper, "Building a Lean Six Sigma–Based Background of the Problem and Problem Statement," by James C. Rice, DM/IST, MBA, and Scott A. McCalla, DM, MA. The paper presents an author-developed framework that adapts the Define and Measure logic of Lean Six Sigma to help doctoral practitioner researchers develop a defensible background of the problem and problem statement grounded in authoritative evidence.