1000-Battle of Svolder, Baltic Sea: King Olaf on board the Long Serpent is defeated in one of the greatest naval battles of the Viking Age and leaps to his death overboard 1543-Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is crowned Queen of Scots in the central Scottish town of Stirling 1776-Congress officially renames the country as the United States of America (from the United Colonies) 1817-Alexander Twilight, likely the first African American to graduate from a U.S. college, receives a BA degree from Middlebury College 1914-First fully mechanized unit in the British Army is created: the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade (WWI) 1993-Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization exchange letters of mutual recognition 2015-Queen Elizabeth II becomes Great Britain's longest-reigning monarch at 63 years and seven months, beating the previous record set by her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria