Whenever I speak alongside North Korean refugees, one question often comes up. Why hasn't there been a revolution in North Korea? The reality is that North Koreans have resisted. What follows are some of the reported uprisings and alleged coup attempts, the smaller acts that rarely get counted, and the machinery the government built to keep any of it from spreading. In May 1987 at Camp 12 in Changpyong, Onsong County, a prisoner in a coal mine allegedly killed a guard who had been beating another prisoner, and hundreds joined him before guards arrived with machine guns, and the revolt was crushed, according to the Chosun Ilbo. In 1992, North Korean officers who had studied at the Soviet Union's Frunze Military Academy, having watched perestroika and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, allegedly plotted to remove Kim Jong-il on the 60th anniversary of the Korean People's Army on April 25. About 70 senior commanders were arrested and purged. Jasper Becker, citing the head of South Korean intelligence, said about 30 officers attempted a mutiny at Seventh Corps headquarters in Hamheung in Marc