Arguably one of the most curious ancient human relatives is Homo floresiensis, a 3-foot-tall species that lived on the Indonesian island of Flores and has been nicknamed "hobbit" for its diminutive stature. Even though they had small brains, scientists had thought they were surprisingly advanced because early research linked them to big-game hunting, specifically targeting the extinct dwarf elephant (Stegodon florensis insularis), as well as the use of fire.