As heatwaves intensify across India, doctors are warning that extreme temperatures may be affecting far more than hydration levels. Orthopaedic specialists say prolonged exposure to severe heat can trigger muscle cramps, joint stiffness, fatigue, weakness, and even increase the risk of falls and fractures - especially among older adults and people with existing bone or joint conditions.
According to Dr. Simon Thomas, Senior Director of Robotic Joint Replacements and Orthopaedics at Max Super Speciality Hospital, hospitals are witnessing a noticeable rise in musculoskeletal complaints during periods of intense summer heat. “During periods of extreme heat and prolonged heatwaves, we are observing a noticeable rise in musculoskeletal complaints that go beyond simple dehydration,” Dr Thomas explained.
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Doctors say excessive heat causes the body to lose large amounts of fluids and electrolytes through sweating. This imbalance can directly affect muscle function and joint mobility.
Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are essential for healthy muscle contraction and nerve signalling. When these minerals become depleted, people may experience:
Heat exhaustion contributes to falls, sprains, ligament injuries, and fractures
Health specialists warn that heat-related dizziness, fatigue, and muscle weakness can also increase the risk of losing balance. Dr. Thomas noted that in some cases, heat exhaustion may contribute to falls, sprains, ligament injuries, and fractures.
The elderly are especially vulnerable because aging already affects balance, muscle strength, and bone density. People with osteoporosis may face an even higher fracture risk if dehydration and weakness lead to sudden falls.
Doctors say certain groups face a significantly higher risk of heat-related orthopaedic problems, including elderly people, arthritis patients, those with osteoporosis, outdoor workers, athletes, construction labourers, and physically active individuals.
People with chronic illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease may also struggle to regulate body temperature efficiently during extreme heat.
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