The new term reflects a broader understanding of the condition as a complex metabolic and endocrine disorder. PMOS now includes screening for insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders, in addition to reproductive concerns. Management will involve multidisciplinary care with gynecologists, endocrinologists, dermatologists, nutritionists, and mental health professionals working together.
Here are answers to the most commonly asked questions about PMOS from experts across leading hospitals.
PCOS and PMOS refer to the same condition. The difference lies in how the condition is understood medically. PMOS better reflects the endocrine and metabolic nature of the disorder beyond ovarian cysts alone. PMOS is a whole-body, lifelong disorder affecting multiple systems, including hormones and metabolism.
Dr Rashmi Rekha Bora explained that PMOS diagnosis involves a more comprehensive evaluation, including menstrual history, signs of hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, body composition, metabolic markers, and ultrasound examination when required. Blood tests may include glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and hormone levels to detect underlying metabolic dysfunction even in women without classic ovarian cyst patterns.
What was limiting about the term “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome”?
Dr David Chandy said many people assumed the condition only involved ovarian cysts, which is medically inaccurate. Many women with PCOS do not have ovarian cysts at all.
The experts clarified that the “cysts” are actually immature ovarian follicles that fail to rupture and accumulate along the outer layer of the ovary, disrupting hormonal balance.
Dr Vinutha Arunachalam added that PCOS made both doctors and patients focus mainly on the ovaries, while important risks such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular complications often went unnoticed.
Dr Nidhi Rajotia (Goel) said diagnosis is based on symptoms, medical history, and clinical examination. Common investigations include hormone level testing, blood sugar and insulin resistance testing, lipid profile, ultrasound examination, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and blood pressure assessment.
Signs such as acne and excess hair growth may also be assessed. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, and stress are also considered because of PMOS’ strong metabolic link.
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